BENEATH THE SURFACE

Looking beneath the surface.

' i , i ' ) Deeper Beneath the Surface of the Chemical Article

n his 1988 article [1] and 1995 book [2], Roald Hoffmann looked "Under the Surface of the Chemical A-rticle." In these, Hoffmann examines the 'rvorkings of chemistry that are not evident on the surface of a printed page or a luminescent screen. He provides an important semiotic analysis of horv we represent and communicate scientific ideas and the impact of these on scientifrc practice. As a ca...

Phonological deficits: beneath the surface of reading-acquisition problems.

In Experiment 1, the performance of young retarded readers on speech-segmentation tasks was compared with the performance of normal subjects matched for chronological age (CA) and with subjects matched for reading age (RA). Retarded readers were poorer than both control groups in consonant deletion, while there was no difference between the groups on a rhyme-judgement task and a syllabic-vowel-...

Connotation Lexicon: A Dash of Sentiment Beneath the Surface Meaning

Understanding the connotation of words plays an important role in interpreting subtle shades of sentiment beyond denotative or surface meaning of text, as seemingly objective statements often allude nuanced sentiment of the writer, and even purposefully conjure emotion from the readers’ minds. The focus of this paper is drawing nuanced, connotative sentiments from even those words that are obje...

More beneath the surface? Root versus shoot antifungal plant defenses

INTRODUCTION Let’s get dirty! Plant roots are deeply embedded in clammy soil, and working with them means digging into the mud, hoping not to crush the fragile root branches and flimsy root hairs. In short, working with roots can be a tedious activity. This might partly explain why, over decades, roots could maintain a subsistence fairly hidden from the scrutinizing eyes of plant researchers—un...